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Rest-Mass Energies Mapped to a General Numerical Structure

Author:

Goodwin, Garry

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Quantum Theory / Particle Physics

Language:

English

Date Published:

May 7, 2026

File:

/Research Papers-Quantum Theory / Particle Physics/Download/10541

Downloads:

Keywords:

Dimensional analysis, rest mass, physical units

Abstract:

This work investigates whether a common numerical structure is recoverable across standard systems used to express rest mass and mass-energy. A hybrid SI and Gaussian framework is constructed in which proton, neutron, and electron mass-energies appear as dimensionless magnitudes. The construction is motivated by the dimensional asymmetry between the electric and magnetic sectors in SI units, together with the dimensional balance present in Gaussian electrodynamics where (mathbf{E}/mathbf{B}=1). To examine whether this hybrid framework represents a more general numerical scale, an example normalisation mapping, (mathcal{S}(x)), is introduced. For a given input, the mapping takes a particle rest-mass expressed in units including kilograms, joules, atomic units, electron-volts, and naturalised mass ratios. Regardless of the chosen input units, the numerical output remains invariant and aligned to a corresponding hybrid magnitude. From the evidence of this particular mapping, particle rest masses expressed in different unit systems may be compared against a general numerical structure represented by the hybrid system.