Category:
Research Papers
Date Published:
May 7, 2026
Keywords:
electromagnetism, astrophysics, particle physics
Abstract:
This course was written for third-year university level undergrad students approaching electromagnetic mechanics from first principles. It was not written to displace the Standard Model, but because the localized photon — a discrete electromagnetic quantum following a definite trajectory from emission to absorption as first proposed by Einstein (1905) — never was given a fully self-consistent classical electromagnetic description. This course is an attempt to provide one, that naturally led to the complete electromagnetic description of all stable elementary particles that populate the subatomic level of magnitude and of which all atoms are made — the electron and positron, the up and down quarks in their proton and neutron configurations, and the neutrino — each emerging from the same geometric structure, with no new parameters introduced at any stage.
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