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Einstein’s 1911 Gravitational Lensing Prediction Proven Yet Again, Through a Novel Mathematical Framework

Author:

Harvey, Gene A.

Category:

Research Papers

Sub-Category:

Relativity Theory

Language:

English

Date Published:

May 20, 2025

File:

/Research Papers-Relativity Theory/Download/10191

Downloads:

247

Keywords:

N/A

Abstract:

In 1911, Albert Einstein1 proposed that light passing near a massive body would bend due to gravitational influence — a prediction that, when confirmed by eclipse observations in 1919 and again in 1923, catapulted General Relativity to the forefront of modern physics. The precise measurement of 1.749 arcseconds became the cornerstone of GR and his gravitational theory, a prediction so accurate that even a 1% deviation could have invalidated Einstein’s entire framework. Now, 114 years after Einstein’s prediction and 102 years after Eddington’s confirmation, (and many others), this work presents a novel, independent pathway to that precise deflection angle using two completely new frameworks: (a) the refractive index derived from the stiffness modulus of spacetime, and (b) Polarization Shifts These new methods do not rely on direct observation, but rather combines the qualities of spacetime, (‘stiffness modulus, refractive indices’ and photon polarization shifts), to derive the exact same solution as predicted. By treating spacetime as a medium with measurable refractive properties, the ΛCGF model not only confirms the 1.749 arcseconds result with stunning precision but also provides new, highly accurate methods for analyzing gravitational lensing, wave propagation, and subatomic gravitational condensation.

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